When we think of carbon emissions in the built environment, we often picture operational energy: the electricity powering lights, HVAC systems, and appliances. However increasingly, the industry is turning its attention to a quieter and often overlooked major source of emissions – embodied carbon.

What is Embodied Carbon and Why is it the Next Big Design Challenge?

Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the extraction, manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance, and disposal of building materials. From concrete and steel to finishes and fixtures, every material we specify carries a carbon footprint long before a building is ever occupied. In fact, embodied carbon can account for over 50% of a building’s total carbon emissions over its lifetime, especially as operational systems become more efficient and energy grids decarbonize.

As the building sector pushes toward high-performance and net-zero operations, one reality is becoming clear: we can’t design for the future while ignoring the emissions locked into our materials today. At Wight & Company, we believe great design is responsible design. That means our commitment to sustainability goes deeper than energy efficiency and reducing operational carbon. It starts at the material level, where we confront the embodied carbon hidden in every choice we make and shape a building’s true climate impact.

Designing for a Lower-Carbon Future

We see the challenge of confronting embodied carbon emissions as an opportunity to deepen our role as changemakers in sustainable design. These are the steps we’re taking to reduce embodied carbon across our design and construction processes, driving impact far beyond the project site.

  1. Measuring What Matters: We've integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools into our design process to quantify embodied carbon at each stage. Using EC3, Tally, OneClickLCA, and material guides from Ecomedes and Kaleidoscope, we evaluate global warming potential early in design when decisions have the greatest impact.
  2. Prioritizing Low-Carbon Materials: We collaborate with suppliers and contractors to source low-carbon materials with EPDs, including carbon-smart concrete, FSC-certified timber, and recycled steel. Prioritizing local sourcing reduces transport emissions and supports community supply chains.
  3. Designing for Circularity: Beyond materials, we embrace design strategies that extend building lifespans and promote reuse – such as adaptive reuse, modular construction, and deconstruction planning. A building that’s flexible and future-ready is inherently lower in embodied carbon.
  4. Collaborating Across Disciplines: Because embodied carbon spans the life of the project, we take a truly integrated design-build approach through our Design Led | Design Build model — architects, engineers, and construction managers working together from day one to minimize impact. This allows us to optimize structural systems to use less material and select low-carbon alternatives that still meet performance and budget goals.

Putting Our Low Embodied Carbon Strategy into Action

These strategies come to life in our work and we’re proud to partner with clients who value sustainability and are open to innovative solutions that reduce embodied carbon while still meeting performance, aesthetic, and functional goals.

Ireland House: Low-Carbon Interiors Project

Our recent renovation of The Consulate of Ireland’s office space in Chicago exemplifies this commitment in several ways. Interiors can be a hidden source of embodied carbon – from finishes and partitions to ceiling systems and furniture. From the outset, we brought together designers, sustainability specialists, and construction managers to align carbon goals and understand how each decision would impact the project’s footprint.

Using Tally and EC3, we conducted an LCA to understand which materials carried the greatest carbon load, as well as prioritized finishes with third-party verified EPDs and low global warming potential that we found on the Mindful Materials database. Materials like recycled-content carpet tiles, FSC-certified wood, low-carbon acoustic ceiling panels and tiles, and bio-based wall coverings all contributed to a significant reduction in emissions. The material choices allowed us to reduce the life cycle emissions of our finishes by nearly 10%.

We also specified modular and demountable systems, including partitions and storage components, which not only supported workplace flexibility but also lowered the carbon footprint by minimizing waste, reducing renovation impact, and supporting reuse over time. By balancing design vision, carbon modeling, cost, and constructability, we were able to create a space that is elegant, adaptable, and measurably lower in embodied carbon.

Irish Consulate

DuPage Wildlife Conservation Center: Synthesizing Function with Carbon

Our design for DuPage Wildlife Conservation Center set in a forest preserve presented a different kind of challenge—one that required reconciling carbon impact with critical performance needs. Protecting both the animals and staff inside the facility meant designing a durable and resilient exterior. Using Kaleidoscope, we evaluated a range of envelope assemblies, ultimately selecting brick and concrete for their structural reliability, despite their higher embodied carbon.

We worked to offset those emissions through concrete mixes that included recycled aggregates. Inside the building, we dramatically reduced the use of manufactured finishes by opting for exposed timber elements, open ceilings, and polished concrete floors. These raw, honest materials not only aligned with the center’s aesthetic and mission, but they also avoided the carbon costs of drywall, ceiling grids, flooring, and adhesives. And again, Tally and EC3 allowed us to see the impact of those choices and communicate the carbon savings with clarity and transparency.

To further reconcile the building’s embodied carbon footprint, the facility is also designed to achieve net-zero energy, powered by on-site solar and geothermal heating and cooling systems — ensuring that the building operates as lightly as possible on the planet, both today and in the long term.

Dupage wildlife cons learning space

Whether it’s choosing the right materials, collaborating across disciplines, or using the right tools to measure impact, we’re focused on making smart, intentional choices that lower carbon without sacrificing quality, experience, or performance. At Wight, we’re always working to strike the right balance between good design, functionality, and sustainability – and paying attention to embodied carbon is now a significant part of that equation.

As the urgency of climate action grows, we’re committed to continuously improving how we measure and reduce embodied carbon, as well as uncovering new, creative ways to design with both purpose and accountability. We’re focused on pushing this practice forward and shape a built environment that’s not only high performing, but also part of a more sustainable future.

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